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[CSS] z-index 在不同瀏覽器繼承問題

今天會討論到這個課題,是因為要實做一個Popup dialog,所以我們希望的結果如下圖。


可是在IE7 卻發生了這樣的情況。


Popup不論怎麼設定z-index都無法浮在最上層,我們看一下html架構發生什麼事情。



<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Demo mask overlay</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://yui.yahooapis.com/3.2.0/build/cssreset/reset-min.css">
  <style>
    #mask {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background: #000;
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        /* other browser*/
        opacity: 0.5;
        /* IE 5-7 */
        filter: alpha(opacity=50);
        /* IE 8 */        -ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=50)";
    }    
    #page {
        position: relative;
        border: 1px solid #ccc;
        background: #ccc;
        top: 20px;
        left: 100px;
        width: 80%;
        height: 50px;
    }
    #page .overlay {
        position: absolute;
        top: 50%;
        left: 50%;
        width: 200px;
        height: 200px;
        border: 1px solid #000;
        background: #fff;
        -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
        -moz-border-radius: 5px;
        border-radius: 5px;
        color: #999;
        font-size: 131%;
        z-index: 1;
    }    
  </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="page">
        <h1> I am div </h1>
        <div class="overlay">
            <p>This is popup. </p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div id="mask">
    </div>
</body>
</html>

從這邊可以發現,在IE 7裡面因為overlay 的上一個層級 page,有設定relative,導致overlay有繼承行為,因此讓overlay的z-index無法作用。

這樣子思考起來除了IE 7以外的瀏覽器(chrome、safari、Opera、IE 8...)的z-index繼承邏輯似乎有錯誤,沒有看錯吧!?z-index 在IE 7才是標準?

為了幫其他瀏覽器證明一下他們是有繼承概念的,因此幫幾個div加上z-index。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Demo mask overlay</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://yui.yahooapis.com/3.2.0/build/cssreset/reset-min.css">
  <style>
    #mask {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background: #000;
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        /* other browser*/
        opacity: 0.5;
        /* IE 5-7 */
        filter: alpha(opacity=50);
        /* IE 8 */        -ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=50)";
        z-index: 0;
    }    
    #page {
        position: relative;
        border: 1px solid #ccc;
        background: #ccc;
        top: 20px;
        left: 100px;
        width: 80%;
        height: 50px;
        z-index: 0;
    }
    #page .overlay {
        position: absolute;
        top: 50%;
        left: 50%;
        width: 200px;
        height: 200px;
        border: 1px solid #000;
        background: #fff;
        -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
        -moz-border-radius: 5px;
        border-radius: 5px;
        color: #999;
        font-size: 131%;
        z-index: 1;
    }    
  </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="page">
        <h1> I am div </h1>
        <div class="overlay">
            <p>This is popup. </p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div id="mask">
    </div>
</body>
</html>

修改的部份,如紅字所示,在mask、page都加上了z-index: 0;,輸出結果如下圖。


經過測試後發現,popup已經沉下去mask底下了,表示其他瀏覽器還是會有繼承z-index的動作,因此有底下幾點推論:

  1. IE 7會將父層z-index預設為0。
  2. 其他瀏覽器不會預設z-index。
  3. 並不是z-index設定值越大就一定會在最上層,同時考慮繼承問題。
  4. 使用浮動在最上層的獨立div,盡量靠近body層級。
以上幾點,是最後小小的推論,歡迎大家討論。

留言

  1. 撰寫客戶網站時剛好碰到這問題.
    看來似乎如您所說的會將父級設為0
    顧我將其餘的區域設為負數便終於解決了
    謝謝您分享

    回覆刪除
  2. @SHAWN, 蠻多時候使用div定位,多少都會遇到z-index,尤其是層層包覆的時候特別常見,感謝您的回應。

    另外我不確定您的問題,其實可以測試看看把某個層級div的z-index: 1;只要比其他高,其實就可以浮在最上層,試試看。

    回覆刪除
  3. 找到了很細節的魔鬼,真不簡單! =b
    其實照 W3C 的規範,IE7 跟 FF 都沒有錯。

    IE7 對 z-index 的預設值是 0、而 FF 則是 auto。http://josephj.com/lab/ie7-zindex/demo.html

    真的在負責處理 z-index 的顯示叫 Stacking Context。W3C 的文件中有一句話「The root element forms the root stacking context. Other stacking contexts are generated by any positioned element (including relatively positioned elements) having a computed value of 'z-index' other than 'auto'.」如果你設定了 position:fixed|absolute|relative、但卻沒有設定 z-index 為 auto 以外的數值的話,它對應的 Stacking Context 還是根節點。所以此時就會直接比 #mask 與 #overlay 的值,.overlay 不管 #page 是什麼碗糕、直接參考根節點,因為 z-index:1,所以 .overlay 直接勝出。http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#z-index

    繼承的論點很怪,z-index 是不會繼承的,他只會依照此元素的 Stacking Context 與其他在此 Stacking Context 的元素做比對、做出正確的排序 。

    我在開發時沒有碰過這樣的問題,我會先把這樣要浮在上面的模組往根節點去丟(document.body.appendChild 或一開始就放在對的地方),也一律設定節點的 position 與 z-index 屬性,讓結構清楚減少困擾。http://www.tjkdesign.com/articles/z-index/teach_yourself_how_elements_stack.asp

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  4. @josephj
    如果使用overlay的話,也的確需要使用上javascript(因此無法考慮js disable狀態),因此採用document.body.appendChild,將overlay div 搬移的確是一個不錯的方法。

    關於z-index的繼承問題,為了釐清真相還是採用瀏覽器實測,果然處處都是火坑啊,這一切的一切都要感謝我後座的夥伴,他把這個問題發掘,讓我對於z-index認知更深入瞭解,感謝各位夥伴!=b

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